<p>Henry Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses four contributing buildings constructed between 1917 and 1951. They were developed as the central business and entertainment district for the African-American neighborhood of Gainsboro in Northwest Roanoke. They are the Hotel Dumas , The Strand Theatre , Dr. Lylburn Downing office , and a commercial building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The buildings are also included in the Gainsboro Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Gainsboro Historic District is a national historic district located of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 202 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in the African-American neighborhood of Gainsboro in Northwest Roanoke. They include single- and multiple-family dwellings, three churches; one parish hall, the Gainsboro Library, a theater, a hotel, two medical office buildings, six commercial buildings, one industry and one bridge. The buildings were primarily built between 1890 and 1925. Located in the district are the separately listed Gainsboro Branch of the Roanoke City Public Library and Henry Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Salem Avenue–Roanoke Automotive Commercial Historic District is a national historic district located of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 59 contributing buildings in the southwestern part of the City of Roanoke. The district includes a variety of buildings having automotive, warehouse, light industrial and residential uses. Most of the buildings are small-scale, one or two-story brick or concrete block buildings, with the majority built between about 1920 and 1954. Notable buildings include the former Enfield Buick Dealership , Lindsay-Robinson & Co. Building , Fulton Motor Company Auto Sales & Service , Lacy Edgerton Motor Company , Roanoke Motor Car Company , and Fire Department No. 3 .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007, with boundary increases in 2008 and 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Crystal Spring Steam Pumping Station is a historic pumping station located at Roanoke, Virginia, in the United States. It was built in 1905, and is a one-story building constructed in common-bond brick. The building houses a Corliss-type pump made by the Snow Steam Pump Company in Buffalo, New York. At its peak, the pump provided 5,000,000 usgal of water daily. It was in operation from 1905 to 1957, and was an important source of fresh water in Roanoke&#39;s early history.</p><br>
<p>The pump and building underwent a renovation in 1976, and the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. the building was open for tours during summer weekends.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The pumping station makes use of Crystal Spring, a perennial spring emerging from the foot of Mill Mountain in the City of Roanoke. The spring was used by Native Americans prior to European settlement, after which the land surrounding the spring was granted in a 1747 patent to Mark Evans, an early settler. Evanss son Daniel built a gristmill on the spring, thereby giving Mill Mountain its name. In the mid-1750s, George Washington passed through the area and noted in his journal a three-shilling payment, likely for lodging, to the "Widow Evans" (presumably Roda Evans, Daniels wife). In 1782, the Evans family sold the mill and surrounding land, including the spring, to William McClanahan.</p><br>
<p>During the 1800s, the nearest settlement to the spring was the small town of Big Lick. The presence of the nearby spring was a significant reason for the railways&#39; choice of the area, and they quickly acquired an option on both it and the mill. Water from the spring was fed by gravity north to the railroads, then pumped into a storage tank southeast of the town.</p><br>
<p>The coming of the railroad turned the small Big Lick into an immediate boomtown, and by 1884, its population had passed 5,000 and it was granted a city charter. The spring was later purchased by a private land improvement company that had Holly steam pumps installed, but by 1905, Roanoke&#39;s population had grown to a point that improved facilities were necessary, and the Crystal Spring Steam Pumping Station was constructed to replace the earlier pump.</p><br>
<p>The pump was purchased from the Buffalo, New York–based Snow Steam Pump Company (which would later be the Worthington Corporation). A smaller building next door housed the boilers necessary to generate the pump&#39;s steam.</p><br>
<p>The new pump provided up to 5,000,000 gal of water each day, and was a contributor to the young city&#39;s rapid growth.</p><br>
<p>The pump remained in use until 1957, when the decision was made to replace the steam-powered pump with one located nearby run by electricity. The reservoir was paved over in 1974 and tennis courts installed atop the concrete. The 1905 facility fell into disrepair, until a group of local residents undertook a donation-funded renovation in 1976 as part of the nations Bicentennial celebration. During the refurbishment, the pistons malfunctioned and were disconnected, and a gasoline-powered motor hidden under the flywheel replaced the pistons function. The pump station was made part of Crystal Spring Park following the renovation. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and it was opened for group tours until the early 1990s.</p><br>
<p>A second restoration was finished in 2003, and the station was reopened for tours. In 2004, the American Water Works Association named the site an American water landmark. The building closed for two years due to an expansion of the nearby Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital, which was being constructed on the site of the former reservoir and tennis courts. the building was once again open for tours on weekends during the summer.</p><br>
<p>Roanoke City Firehouse No. 6 is a historic fire station located in the Belmont neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It was built in 1911, and is a two-story, three-bay, hipped-roof building. in an effort to blend the station into its residential surroundings, it was constructed to resemble an early-20th century American Foursquare dwelling embellished with Classical Revival details. A wide center bay and two large double doors distinguish it from the homes in the neighborhood., one of the other two stations survives and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011 as City of Roanoke Fire Station No. 5. The three stations were the first in Roanoke to be built for and equipped with motorized firefighting equipment. They were integrated into the neighborhoods they were built to serve, limiting their need to travel farther than 1.5 mi in response to a call.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. After ceasing operation as a firehouse in 1979, the building was converted to use as a community center, and later as a satellite police station.</p><br>
<p>Burrell Memorial Hospital, currently operating as Blue Ridge Behavioral Health  Burrell Center, was an historic African-American hospital originally located in the Gainsboro neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. The hospital replaced the 1914 Medley Hospital. It opened March 18, 1915 as a 10-bed facility in a converted home at 311 Henry Street. In 1921 the hospital moved to a new, 55-bed location in the adjacent Harrison Neighborhood, having renovated the former Allegheny Institute  at 611 McDowell Ave., NW. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, hospitals in the Appalachian region of Virginia were segregated. In Roanoke and southwest Virginia there were no hospitals available to individuals not considered to be white. "everal black physicians in the area, including Dr. Issac David Burrell, were working diligently to establish a hospital for black residents. In the midst of these efforts, Dr. Burrell became seriously ill with gallstones and was forced to travel in a train baggage car to Washington, D.C. for treatment. He died following surgery, and the heart-wrenching circumstances of his death served as a catalyst to ensure that this tragedy would not be repeated for another black person.</p><br>
<p>On March 18, 1915, Burrell Memorial Hospital, named in honor of Dr. Burrell, opened at 311 Henry Street. It began as a 10-bed facility equipped with $1,000 of borrowed money but went on to become the first African-American hospital to earn full approval of the American Board of Surgeons. Dr. Lylburn C. Downing, who had been the first African-American accepted as a member of the Roanoke Medical Society, became the first superintendent and held that position until 1947. "After Burrell&#39;s death, the doctors Downing, Williman and Roberts, joined by John Claytor, Sr., and Jerry Cooper, founded Burrell Memorial with ten beds on North Henry Street in March 1915."</p><br>
<p>The flu epidemic of 1919 created the need for expanded facilities, so the hospital moved into the abandoned Allegheny Institute building on the corner of McDowell Avenue and Park Street (now 7th Street) in 1921. This building was used until 1955 when the present hospital was opened.</p><br>
<p>Burrell Memorial Hospital remained a prominent black institution until the 1965 Civil Rights Act mandated the desegregation of hospital facilities. In 1979, the hospital closed. The Burrell Center is home to Blue Ridge Behavioral Healthcare.</p><br>
<p>Virginia Can Company-S.H. Heironimus Warehouse is a historic factory and warehouse complex located at Roanoke, Virginia. The U-shaped complex was built in 1912, and consists of an office and two factory buildings. All three of the buildings are two stories in height and are constructed of brick on a raised foundation of poured concrete. A second-story pedestrian bridge connects the two factory buildings and a brick hyphen connects the office building to the north factory building. The complex was built for the Virginia Can Company, the first and largest manufacturer of tin cans in Roanoke, Virginia. After 1951, it housed a clothing factory and then the Heironimus department store warehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006, and included in the Roanoke River and Railroad Historic District in 2013. It is located in the Virginia Landmarks Register listed Southeast Roanoke Historic District.</p><br>
<p>H. L. Lawson & Son Warehouse is a historic warehouse building located at Roanoke, Virginia. It was built in 1925, and is a four-story, utilitarian brick building. The banked site allowed for the unloading of freight from railcars directly into the third story of the warehouse. It was built by Harry Leland Lawson, a key figure in Roanoke&#39;s business community from the</p><br>
<p>late 1910s to the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Carlin&#39;s Amoco Station is a historic Amoco service station located at Roanoke, Virginia. It was built about 1947, and remodeled about 1953 in the Streamline Moderne style. The one-story gas station is constructed of concrete block covered with stucco and sits on a concrete slab foundation. Also on the property is an associated repair shop constructed about 1947.</p><br>
<p>Built on Williamson Road in Roanoke, the gas station was a scene of viewing muscle car drag racing and cruising by local teenagers in the post-war years between 1947 and 1962.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Bradley Academy Museum is a historic school building in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, that now serves as a museum and community center.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Bradley Academy was established in 1811 near Jefferson, the original county seat of Rutherford County, as the countys first school. Its namesake was John Bradley, an officer in the American Revolutionary War, who donated the land that the first school was built on. The school later relocated to Murfreesboro and operated as a school for white students until the 1850s. In 1884, Bradley Academy was revived to become the countys first school for African Americans.</p><br>
<p>The current building was built circa 1917–8 and was operated as a school for African-American children until 1955, when the school moved to the current Bradley Academy location on Mercury Boulevard. Murfreesboro City Schools converted the building into a maintenance facility.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 the Bradley Academy Historical Association formed with the purpose of restoring the building for community use.</p><br>
<h2>Current school</h2><br>
<p>The Bradley Academy name is still in use as the name of a public elementary school in Murfreesboro, located at 511 Mercury Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>Tayloe Rogers House is a historic home located in Roanoke, Virginia. It was built in 1936–1937 and is a -story, rustic Colonial Revival style dwelling. The main section is flanked by one-story wings. It has a gable roof and features large exterior end chimneys. The house is built of re-used materials from an earlier building on the property that had collapsed as well as other older structures in the area. Also on the property is a contributing springhouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Belmont Methodist-Episcopal Church is a historic church building, located in the Belmont neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It was built as a Methodist Episcopal church between 1917 and 1921, and is a three-story, brick, late Gothic Revival-style church. It features a tall bell tower, complex roof form, steeply-pitched gables and parapets, large pointed arch windows, crenellated corner towers, buttresses, cast-concrete quatrefoils, and other detailing. Capacity within sight and hearing of the pulpit is 1,000, as the original auditorium  was enlarged with an adjoining parlor , an adult assembly room , and a gallery .</p><br>
<p>In a notice from 1917, H. L. Cain is named the architect of the church building, and the cost of the building was initially budgeted at $50,000.00.</p><br>
<p>The building was sold in 2003 to the Metropolitan Community Church of the Blue Ridge, who used it as their sanctuary; that church has since vacated the building. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 2011. Since 2019, it has also been a contributing structure to the NRHP-listed Belmont Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Apartment Building on Windsor Avenue and Brunswick St., also known as the Windsor Avenue Apartment Building, is a historic apartment building located in the Raleigh Court neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It was built in 1928, and is a two-story, U-shaped Tudor Revival style apartment building constructed of stone, brick, half timbering, and stucco. The building enclosed a courtyard plaza with stone paved sidewalks, stone walls , historic post lights and two decorative pools with waterfall . Also on the property is a contributing detached garage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Wasena Historic District is a national historic district located in the Wasena neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 574 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, 3 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects. It is a primarily residential district with single-family dwellings. Also in the district are a few commercial buildings, several industrial buildings, a park along the river and the Wasena Bridge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district began its development with George Howbert&#39;s sale of his house and farmland to the Wasena Land Company in 1910. At the time the only connection to the developed portion of the city was a wooden bridge spanning the Roanoke River; that bridge was reinforced with a steel frame concurrent to the neighborhood being graded and platted (it would be 1939 before the existing span was completed). The oldest structure in the district is the former Howbert home, located at 918 Howbert Avenue and dating to about 1900. The majority of the houses in the district date to the 1920s, though some contributing structures were built as late as the 1960s. The American Craftsman-style bungalow is the dominant style and form followed by the</p><br>
<p>American Foursquare (including Colonial Revival and Prairie style) and the Ranch style.</p><br>
<p>In 1934, a local businessman and philanthropist donated 28 acres of land bordering the Roanoke River, which would become Wasena Park. The building was renovated in 2015 and holds a restaurant.A small commercial district exists in the neighborhood just south of the Wasena Bridge consisting of several one-story buildings. That commercial area has seen significant revitalization in the 21st century, as has a former industrial zone in the northeast portion of the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Melrose–Rugby Historic District is a national historic district located in the Melrose–Rugby neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 111 contributing buildings and 2 contributing objects in a planned residential subdivision, with most of the dwellings being built between the late 1910s and late 1940s. It is a primarily residential district with single-family dwellings. The houses include American Craftsman-style bungalow, American Foursquare, and Cape Cod style.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Norfolk and Western Railway Freight Station is a historic freight depot located in the Melrose-Rugby neighborhood of Roanoke, Virginia. It encompasses 111 contributing buildings and 2 contributing objects in a planned residential subdivision, with most of the dwellings being built between the late 1910s and late 1940s. It is a primarily residential district with single-family dwellings. The houses include American Craftsman-style bungalow, American Foursquare, and Cape Cod style. The building houses the Virginia Museum of Transportation</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The High Rock Reservation  is a city park in the Highlands neighborhood of Lynn, Massachusetts. Designed in 1907 by the Olmsted Brothers, the roughly 7 acre park encompasses the summit area of a hill with commanding views of the surrounding area, as well as the Atlantic Ocean which is approximately half a mile away.</p><br>
<p>The parks principal attraction is the High Rock Tower, a stone structure measuring 85 feet high, completed in 1905 and dedicated on December 16. of the Hutchinson Family Singers, a politically active abolitionist singing group that performed throughout the northern United States from the 1840s to about 1880. Jesse Hutchinson acquired the property from the Pawtucket natives, and by 1851 had built two Gothic Revival cottages (known as High Rock Cottage and Daisy Cottage) and later other cottages, as well as the first tower which burnt down during a celebration of the Civil Wars end.</p><br>
<p>The original wooden High Rock Tower was the site of a celebration by an estimated 8,000 people on August 17, 1858 for the laying of the first Transatlantic telegraph cable completed one day previous. The Hutchinsons held nightly rallies and concerts there during the first year of the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (as "") in 1979. The lands surrounding the tower were protected by The Trust for Public Land and conveyed to the City of Lynn in 1988.</p><br>
<p>High Rock Tower is featured prominently on the Lynn city seal. It is one of five structures in Lynn designed by Holman K. Wheeler which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1998, a grant from the Massachusetts Historical Commission allowed for restoration of the Tower. A new observatory was added, replacing the prior observatory which was removed after being vandalized. Later additional park renovation projects between 2012 and 2016 have included new stone-chip pathways, expansion of the reservation base at Essex Street with traffic mitigation, and new granite stairways leading from Essex Street to the base of the Tower. Finally, in 2017 the stone High Rock Cottage received stabilization work including a new roof.</p><br>
<p>The City of Lynn has periodically opened the tower and observatory to the public for free use of the telescope. This practice continues in summer 2018, with scheduled evenings in July and August.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the community organization Centerboard raised $45,000 for the installation of LED lighting and a laser projector for two of the four sides of High Rock Tower. Additional grant funding was obtained in 2018, for LED and laser illumination of the remaining two sides of the tower.</p><br>
<p>Williams–Brown House and Store is a historic home and general store located at Salem, Virginia. It was built about 1837, and is a -story, L-shaped brick building with Greek Revival and Federal style design influences. It features a double porch with chamfered edges ending in lambs&#39; tongues.</p><br>
<p>The house is occupied by the Salem Museum and Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Evans House is a historic home located at Salem, Virginia. It was built in 1882, and is a -story, L-shaped, French Empire style brick dwelling. It features two concavely cut intersecting mansard roofs which are pierced by two paneled interior chimneys with corbeled caps. The front facade is symmetrically divided by a two-story projecting central pavilion supported by a bracketed cornice and topped with a convexly rendered mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Salem Presbyterian Parsonage, also known as the Old Manse, is a historic parsonage associated with Salem Presbyterian Church and located at Salem, Virginia. The core section was built in 1847, and is a two-story, central passage plan, brick I-house. A front section was added to the core in 1879, giving the house an L-shaped configuration; an addition in 1922 filled in the "L". A dining room addition built between 1896 and 1909 connected the main house to a formerly detached kitchen dating to the 1850s. The house features Greek Revival style exterior and interior detailing. The front facade features a one-story porch with a hipped roof supported by fluted Doric order columns. The Salem Presbyterian Church acquired the house in 1854; they sold the property in 1941.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The John P. Fisher House is a historic plantation house on the shores of Bayou Bartholomew in Ashley County, Arkansas, west of the city of Portland. The two story wood frame Greek Revival house is located north of the junction of Arkansas Highway 160 and County Road 50, west of the bayou bridge. It is also known as the Moats House.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built c. 1850 for John Fisher, not long after Ashley County was organized, near the town of Alligator Bluff, which was located on the other side of the bayou, and which was later supplanted by Portland with the arrival of the railroad. It once served as a plantation house, for Fisher&#39;s plantation which was worked by enslaved people. The property in 1939 still held a slave quarters, a cotton gin, a grist mill, and a blacksmith shop. It is the only known antebellum Greek Revival house in the county.</p><br>
<p>Hamburg Cemetery is the main cemetery of Hamburg, Ashley County, Arkansas. It is located on the east side of the city, south of Arkansas Highway 8 . Hamburg was established in 1848, and the first burial was recorded in the cemetery in 1859. It has since become the burial site for many of Hamburg&#39;s leading citizens.</p><br>
<p>The oldest section of the cemetery, which was used predominantly from its inception to 1950, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (as "Hamburg Cemetery, Historic Section") in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Charles Portis (1933–2020), author of True Grit</p><br>
<p>The Chalon Guard and Emma Blades Cloud House is a historic house located at 300 S. Washington St. in McLeansboro, Illinois. The house was built circa 1892 for Chalon Guard Cloud, who ran the Cloud State Bank with his father Aaron, and his wife Emma Blades Cloud. The houses design features a distinctive blend of architectural styles; while primarily designed in the Queen Anne style, it also includes elements of the Shingle and Romanesque styles. The house is built of red brick with a limestone foundation; the brick masonry walls of the house are characteristic of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture and represent the only residential use of the style in McLeansboro. Two conical turrets mark the front corners of the house; two other turrets are located on the south side of the home. A large roof gable, which connects to the top of the smaller southern turret, is sided in slate-colored shingles typical of the Shingle Style. The houses front porch, which was added in the early 20th century, features turned columns and a spindlework railing. The house&#39;s multi-component roof features several cross gables and three brick chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The house was owned by NBA player and coach Jerry Sloan from 1982 to 2005. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 18, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Chicot County Courthouse is a courthouse in Lake Village, Arkansas, the county seat of Chicot County, built in 1956. Located at the end of the Lake Village Commercial Historic District along Lake Chicot, the courthouse is a culturally significant landmark for both its architectural style and historical importance to the county. It was because of this dual significance that the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Chicot County was formed on October 25, 1823 from Arkansas County, with county government first established at Villemont. Along the Mississippi River, Villemont eventually eroded into the river and the county moved its government to Columbia in 1838. After meeting a similar fate, the county again moved, this time to Masona in 1855. Two years later, the county seat moved a final time to Lake Village, with county courthouse and jail facilities constructed the same year. The first Lake Village courthouse would serve for 50 years before being replaced by a neoclassical courthouse in 1907. The 1907 structure suffered foundation problems and was replaced with the current Chicot County Courthouse in 1956. Herbert Voelker and J.L. Dixon were the architects hired for the new courthouse&#39;s design. Voelker had extensive experience in public buildings in the Art Deco and Art Moderne styles, with eleven previous county courthouses already designed in Texas.</p><br>
<h3>Cultural significance</h3><br>
<p>The new county courthouse was built during a time of economic depression in the Arkansas delta. Many farmers were turning to mechanization, displacing many fieldhands and laborers toward larger cities. Accompanying the rapidly declining population, the delta also began to lose accompanying industry, businesses, and services. Jack Rhodes was elected mayor in 1957, and began to turn around the city&#39;s decline with several infrastructure improvement projects and constructing new buildings.</p><br>
<p>Perhaps the regions best example of renewal during this period was the restoration of Lake Chicot. Due to silt from upstream, the lake had become polluted during this period. The lakes condition was becoming an embarrassment to the city, causing Lake Village to cancel the 1957 Chicot Water Carnival. In response to the lakes pollution problem, a meeting took place in the Chicot County Courthouse in 1968. Attending the "Lake Chicot Project" meeting were representatives from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the Chicot County Rural Development Authority. The end result of the project was the construction of a dam, two pumping plants, sediment control, and fish stocking measures to improve the lakes scenic, environmental, and recreational value.</p><br>
<p>Because of the great impact the renewal projects had on Chicot County and the importance of the county government that instigated the improvements, the Chicot County Courthouse played a major role in the revitalization of the area during the 1960s following a period of steep decline.</p><br>
<p>McVitty House, also known as the Inn at Burwell Place, is a historic home located at Salem, Virginia. It was built in 1906 and expanded with a substantial addition in 1925. It is a -story, L-shaped, Colonial Revival style frame dwelling. It features a full-length wrap-around porch with Tuscan columns, elaborate dormers, stunning fanlight windows and an attached sun/sleeping porch. The house is operated as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Preston House, also known as the John Cole House and Johnson House, is a historic home located at Salem, Virginia. It was built about 1821, and is a two-story, five-bay, Federal style brick I-house dwelling. It features a single pile, central passage plan and original rear ell, its exterior end chimneys and decorative brick cornices.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, with a boundary amendment in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Cobb Memorial Library is a historic library building in Truro, Massachusetts. The library was established through a donation by Elisha Wiley Cobb made in memory of his parents, and was built in 1912. It is a rare example of Craftsman style architecture in the town. The building served as the town&#39;s main library until 1999, when a new building was constructed in North Truro. The building has since been converted for use by the Truro Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Bournedale Village School is a historic school building at 29 Herring Pond Road in Bourne, Massachusetts. Built in 1897, it was the last one-room schoolhouse built by the town, and is one of the few surviving 19th-century schoolhouses in all of Barnstable County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. The building is now used by the Bournedale Civic Association as a meeting space.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bournedale Village School is located the central northern part of Bourne, on the north side of the Cape Cod Canal. It occupies a lot on the south side of a concurrence of Herring Pond and Bournedale Roads. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof pierced on each side by a steeply pitched gable, and topped by an octagonal belfry. Its exterior is an eclectic finish of wood shingles, clapboards, and tongue-in-groove beaded boarding. Its main entry is sheltered by a shed-roof overhang supported by decoratively carved brackets. The interior has a pair of vestibules, which lead into the single classroom space, and have stairs descending to an unfinished basement. Although the vestibule floors have been covered in linoleum, the main room retains its original pine floors and painted plaster walls.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1897, on the site of a previous one-room schoolhouse destroyed by fire. It served the town as a school until 1925, when ongoing consolidation of district schools prompted the school&#39;s remaining students to be transferred to a graded school in Sagamore. The building continues to be owned by the town, but has been maintained and used by the Bournedale Civic Association since 1925.</p><br>
<p>The Third Avenue Historic District is the "mansion" district of Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States from the early twentieth century, comprising mostly large stylish homes along Lake Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kenosha, Wisconsin was first settled in 1835, and by 1836, Charles Durkee had amassed a large land holding near Lake Michigan. Durkee later parcelled out his holdings for residential development. By 1882, the entire area of the Third Avenue district was settled, although few buildings from this era remain. Starting with the George A. Yule House in 1899, Third Avenue became a desirable dwelling place for Kenosha&#39;s most prominent families. The 1890s had brought great prosperity to Kenosha with Simmons Manufacturing, the Bain Wagon Works, N. R. Allen & Sons Tannery, Chicago Brass Company, and Pettit Malting Company.</p><br>
<p>These wealthy families had their houses designed by notable architects. The Alford House was designed by Richard Philipp, best known for designing the Walter J. Kohler estate in Kohler. N. Max Dunning, a Kenosha native that focused on country house design, planned the Fred H. Carpenter House and the Eugene Head House. The most prominent firm active in the area&#39;s development was Pond & Pond, who designed the Jeffrey Nash House, the Yule House, the Wilson House, and the Allen House.</p><br>
<p>The most notable industrialists that lived in the district were Charles Durkee, Charles W. Nash, Charles T. Jeffery, and Charles C. Allen. Durkee became the citys foremost politician, serving two terms in the United States House of Representatives and one term as United States Senator. When he moved to the Utah Territory to become its sixth governor, Durkees house was acquired by the Episcopal church in 1865. It became part of Kemper Hall, a girls school. Jeffrey was the son of Thomas B. Jeffery of the Thomas B. Jeffery Company, who assumed control of the company in 1910. This company was purchased by Nash in 1916 and renamed Nash Motors. Allen inherited his fathers tannery and turned it into a nationally recognized produced of hosiery.</p><br>
<p>On November 1, 1988, the district was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Civic Center Historic District is a group of six large Neoclassical Revival buildings around Civic Center Park in Kenosha, Wisconsin, United States, reflecting the city&#39;s history as Kenosha County seat.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1900s, the City Beautiful movement gained national recognition. As a result, cities like Kenosha, Wisconsin sought to develop aesthetically pleasant town centers. After World War I ended, Kenosha officials appointed a committee to establish a city plan. In 1922, Kenosha citizens voted to approve this plan, part of which was to develop a new town center. Harland Bartholomew was commissioned to submit a city plan, which he submitted in 1925.</p><br>
<p>Like many centers developed in the wake of City Beautiful, the civic district is largely Neoclassical in design. Kenosha native Joseph Lindl, in association with Charles Lesser and Albert Schutte, designed the Kenosha County Courthouse and Jail, which was completed in 1925. The Kenosha High School, planned by school design specialist Charles D. Chubb, was completed a year later. The Loyal Order of Moose built a clubhouse at the corner of 56th Street and Tenth Avenue. They used the building until 1943; it is now the Kenosha County Administration building, utilized for departments dealing with vital records. The final two buildings of the district were added in 1933. The former United States Post Office, constructed in 1909 in another part of the city, was moved to the civic district. Designed by Supervising Architect James Knox Taylor, the building was re-purposed as the Kenosha Public Museum. The last building constructed in the district was a new post office on Sheridan Road.</p><br>
<p>On July 26, 1989, the National Park Service recognized the district with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The courthouse and jail was listed individually in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The John Marshall House Museum is a historic house museum located in Old Shawneetown, Illinois. The museum is a historically inaccurate  reproduction of the John Marshall House, which was located at the site until 1974; the original house was demolished so that the reproduction could be constructed. The original house was built in the early 19th century for banker John Marshall, who ran the first bank in the Illinois Territory. At the time of its demolition, the house was one of the oldest surviving brick buildings in Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 1972, but this designation failed to prevent its destruction eighteen months later. Nevertheless, the original foundation remained, and the site retained significant integrity as a historical archaeological site. As a result, the site itself qualified to be re-listed on the National Register in January 1975.</p><br>
<p>Dallas Hall is a historic building on the campus of Southern Methodist University  in University Park, Texas. Influenced by the Roman Pantheon and architecture by Thomas Jefferson, it was constructed by the architectural firm of Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in 1915. The first building on campus, it housed most of the university&#39;s operations. The campus has since been expanded around Dallas Hall, but it remains the center of SMU. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dallas Hall was designed by the Chicago branch of the architectural firm Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge. The building&#39;s architecture was inspired by the Pantheon.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1912, and the cornerstone was laid on November 28, 1912. It was dedicated in 1915, making it the first building on campus. The site chosen for Dallas Hall is one of the highest points in Dallas County.</p><br>
<p>Upon its opening, all of the university&#39;s facilities, except for female dorms and temporary housing for some male students, were housed in Dallas Hall. It housed all classrooms for a decade after opening. Over the years, it has been home to classrooms, offices, a chapel, a hamburger grill, a post office and a barbershop. A highly symmetrical campus has since been constructed around Dallas Hall. It celebrated its 100th anniversary on November 12, 2012, with a dinner for university administrators and donors. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 17, 1978.</p><br>
<p>Dallas Hall is used for SMU&#39;s convocations and graduations.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Academy Street School is a historic school complex located at Salem, Virginia. The complex consists of two buildings; the first built in 1890 and the annex about 1903. They are connected by a hyphen. The 1890 building is a two-story, three-bay, brick building with a projecting three-story tower and hipped roof. The 1903 annex building is a two-story, L-shaped brick building with a hipped roof and one-story frame porch.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Old Roanoke County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located in Salem, Virginia. It was built in 1909-1910 and is a three-story, Classical Revival-style, yellow brick building. The front façade features a three-story, tetra-style Ionic order portico. The courthouse has a hipped roof topped by a cupola, which is topped by an eagle. A rear addition was built in 1948–1949. The building housed Roanoke County, Virginia county offices until they moved to a new building in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is located in the Downtown Salem Historic District. Today the property is owned by Roanoke College after buying most of the property in 1987. Next to the courthouse is a controversial 1910 Civil War Memorial, which consists of a granite shaft topped by the figure of a Confederate soldier. Although appearing to be on the same property as the courthouse, the Confederate monument is not owned by Roanoke College. As part of the sale, Roanoke County retained the deed to this separate plot of land. Although there has been pressure from various groups to remove the Confederate monument, including an official removal order from a local circuit court judge, the statute remains standing as recently as March 2024.</p><br>
<p>Salem Post Office, also known as the Old Post Office, is a historic post office building located at Salem, Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Salem Post Office was built between 1922 and 1923. It is a one-story, Georgian Revival-style, brick building. It was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect for the USA Treasury under the direction of Louis A. Simon. The main entrance features fluted Doric order pilasters surmounted by a Doric frieze with triglyphs and a dentilated pediment. Additions were made to the rear of the building in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1989–1991. The post office was decommissioned in 1985, and subsequently occupied by doctor&#39;s offices. In 2013, Roanoke College purchased the Old Post Office.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is located in the Downtown Salem Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Southwest Virginia Holiness Association Camp Meeting, also known as the Salem Camp Meeting, is a historic camp meeting complex located at Salem, Virginia. The complex consists of two buildings—a 1922 tabernacle and a dormitory, built about 1926. Both buildings are plainly detailed frame buildings with novelty weatherboard siding and poured concrete basement levels. The tabernacle measures approximately 60 feet by 80 feet and contains an auditorium designed for a capacity of 2,000 people. The dormitory is a two-story, three-bay, building with a full-width one-story porch.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Salem Historic District is a national historic district located at Salem, Virginia. The district encompasses 34 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in downtown Salem. The district includes primarily mixed-use commercial buildings, but also includes churches, dwellings, a courthouse, a post office, a library, a park, and the covered stalls of a farmer&#39;s market. The buildings mostly date from the late-19th and early-20th century and are in a variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne. Notable buildings include the Stevens House or "Old Post House" , Kizer-Webber Building , Duval-Oakey House , Salem High School , Old Salem Municipal Building and Fire Department , Quality Bakery Building , Olde Newberry Building , Salem Theater , and James J. True Building . Located in the district are the separately listed Old Roanoke County Courthouse, Salem Presbyterian Church, and Salem Post Office.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Village of Davis Junction Town Hall is a historic building in Davis Junction, Illinois, United States. It is associated with the administration of Scott Township and is the only municipal building left from the early history of Davis Junction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Davis Junction, Illinois was founded by Jeremiah Davis in the 1850s. Davis made his fortune in the California Gold Rush and purchased over 1,000 acre in Scott Township, Ogle County. Davis submitted a plat in 1875, officially establishing the town. He allowed the Chicago & Iowa Railroad and the Pacific Railroad to lay track through the town. The railroads spurred development, and by 1878, it had a population around 200.</p><br>
<p>The town hall building was probably constructed in 1876 as Union Hall in response to the town&#39;s organization. Davis moved a schoolhouse north of town to make room for the hall. The town hall held the town meetings and elections, which previously were held in schoolhouses. As one of the few developments in Scott Township, Davis Junction was home to the township meetings and elections as well until 1880. In the 1890s, management of the building was entrusted to the Modern Woodmen of America, and the building became known as Bushman Camp after the local chapter. A dispute in 1894 made statewide news: a dance club leased the hall, but an anti-dancing group forbid them to hold a dance there. When the dance proceeded anyway, the anti-dance group pumped sulfuric gas into the hall to clear out the youngsters. However, the dancers returned to the hall later that day.</p><br>
<p>A small fire occurred in 1908. Later that year, the town purchased the hall from Davis for $50. The village rehabilitated the hall, restoring its place as a center of civic activity. The Modern Woodmen continued to regularly rent the venue until 1930. In the 1960s, Scott Township voted to move township functions into a newly constructed firehouse. The action was approved, although the town hall was still used for occasional town functions. In 1975, it became home to the Davis Junction Historical Society. The building was sold into private hands in 1993, then sold to the Historical Society in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Camp Mather-Camp Logan is a Civil War campsite located along Illinois Route 13 outside of Shawneetown, Illinois. The campsite was Henry and Mary Eddys farm and summer home; Henry died in 1849, leaving Mary in charge of the farm at the outset of the war. The Union Army began camping on the property in December 1861, when the 56th Illinois Infantry occupied the land; the camp was named Camp Mather for Illinois adjutant general Thomas S. Mather. The camp, part of the Department of the Ohio, was one of two Union campsites near Shawneetown, the other being Camp Katie Yates. The farms summer home became the camp hospital and was used to treat measles patients during an outbreak in the winter of 1861-62 that killed eight soldiers. By the fall of 1862, when the 87th Illinois Infantry occupied the camp, the camp was known as Camp Logan. The soldiers of the 87th Infantry went without pay for several months while awaiting assignment and transport at the camp, and two companies nearly mutinied due to the situation. The 87th Infantry left the camp for Memphis, Tennessee, in March 1863, marking the end of Union occupation of the site.</p><br>
<p>The campsite was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 6, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The American State Bank, also known as the First American National Bank and the Berwyn National Bank, is a historic bank building in Berwyn, Illinois, United States. It was an important part of the economic development of Berwyn and is associated with its Central European heritage. It was built in 1925 and was placed in receivership in 1932.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Berwyn, Illinois was incorporated in 1902 and by 1910, the population exceeded 5,800. By 1930, the population expanded to 47,000. This growth was due to the industrial plants in neighboring Cicero, which brought immigrants from Chicago&#39;s west side to the suburbs. Berwyn became a haven for Czechs, who moved from Chicago after being displaced by Polish populations. The Czechs that came were generally of strong socioeconomic status and were skilled craftsmen. Czech-led building and loan associations financed local development. Joseph Cermak and Albert Novotny purchased a large landholding from Biacor Hindman, spurring further growth. New establishments were needed to provide home mortgages to new settlers.</p><br>
<p>The American State Bank, briefly known as the Twenty-Second Street Bank during its development, was founded by Frank Topinka in October 1925. It was one of five banks operating in Berwyn at the time. More than $5 million was spent on the 20,000 homes, apartments, and stores in Berwyn from 1921 to 1928. The American State Bank financed about $2 million of these loans. Topinka also operated the Oakwyn State Bank in Berwyn and the First State Bank of Fox River Grove. The American State Bank held approximately $1.9 million in assets by 1929.</p><br>
<p>The Wall Street Crash of 1929 devastated the American State Bank. In 1930, the American State Bank merged with the Ridgeland State bank, the Oakwyn, and the First National Bank & Trust in an effort to remain solvent. They conducted operations in this building as the First American National Bank & Trust. The bank was placed in receivership in 1932. Every bank in Berwyn went out of business during the ensuring Great Depression; no banks operated in the town until July 1937. Frank Skala then founded the Berwyn National Bank in the former American State Bank building.</p><br>
<p>On October 5, 2000, the building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was recognized as a Berwyn Historic Landmark, along with the Berwyn State Bank Building, in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Robert and John McKee Peeples Houses were a pair of adjoining houses in Old Shawneetown, Illinois. The Robert Peeples house was built shortly after statehood ; it was the third brick building constructed in Old Shawneetown and became the oldest brick building after the earlier two were demolished. Peeples and his wife were natives of western Pennsylvania, but they had become prominent members of the community before building their brick house; Peeples had been chosen as one of the Gallatin County Commissioners in 1817, and his ownership of a local cotton gin allowed him to purchase luxuries such as ornamental doorknobs for his house. The John McKee Peeples House was constructed in 1846 by John McKee Peeples, Robert&#39;s son; the two houses were attached by a common roof. The houses were designed in the Federal style and featured parapetted chimneys atop the end walls and facades with three and four bays on the older and newer houses respectively.</p><br>
<p>The houses were added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1983. They are no longer standing at their site of construction, and were delisted from the Register in January 2020.</p><br>
<p>The Allen-White School, also known as Hardeman County Training School, was a Rosenwald school in Whiteville, Tennessee, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The school was started in 1905 as Hardeman County Training School, a school for African Americans that held classes in a Masonic lodge building. The school was led by Jessie C. Allen, who is one of the two men that Allen-White School was later named for. Circa 1918–1920, the schools own building was built on donated land with a $4000 bank loan obtained by the schools trustees, matched by a $4000 donation from the Julius Rosenwald Fund.</p><br>
<p>The schools second namesake, J.H. White, became school principal in the 1928–1929 school year. In 1930 the school added a junior high school program and in 1932 it expanded to include the four grades of high school. The schools first high school class graduated in 1933.</p><br>
<p>After it closed as a school, the building was acquired by an organization associated with the El Canaan Missionary Baptist Church.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. It was destroyed in an arson fire in May 2012. Alumni of the school hoped to rebuild it and contracted with an engineering company to investigate the feasibility of reconstruction.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Salines, also known as the Saline Springs or Great Salt Springs, is a salt spring site located along the Saline River in Gallatin County, Illinois. The site was a source of salt for Illinois prehistoric settlers and is now an archaeological site with a large quantity of organic remains. After European settlement of Illinois, the salt springs became part of Illinois first major industry and were one of the only places in Illinois where slavery was legal after 1818.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistory</h2><br>
<p>The Illinois Salines were an important source of salt for prehistoric residents of Illinois. The earliest occupation of the site is speculated to have occurred during the Early Woodland Period; the site continued to be occupied through the Mississippian period. The salt excavated from the site was traded to other prehistoric sites in Illinois, as evidenced by the recovery of items from the Saline Springs at the Kincaid Site at the southern tip of Illinois. The Saline Springs are also an important site of prehistoric remains such as shells, bones, and other organic materials. Excavations at the site began in the mid-1800s and have continued through the 20th century. An archaeological project led by Southern Illinois University has studied the site since 1981.</p><br>
<p>Shards of pottery made by historical Indigenous peoples of the area have been found that had been made by moulding clay inside baskets before firing. This resulted in producing vessels that were as large as four feet across with impressions of the woven baskets on the outer surface of the pots.</p><br>
<h2>Modern history</h2><br>
<p>The southern Illinois salines were the first major industry in the Illinois Territory following European settlement. The salines, where brine was boiled down into salt, were financially successful, and became the property of the State of Illinois upon its statehood in 1818. The law allowed African slaves to be imported to the site until 1825, when the exemption expired. However, indentured servitude at the springs continued past this point. Salt production continued until 1870, when competition from West Virginia salt mines drove the springs out of business.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>John Crenshaw</p><br>
<p>John Duff (counterfeiter)</p><br>
<p>James Ford (pirate)</p><br>
<p>The Thule-Plummer Buildings are a pair of historic brick buildings at 180 and 184 Main Street just north of the main downtown area of Worcester, Massachusetts. The older of the two buildings is the Plummer Building, a five-story brick apartment house built in 1890. It is set back about 50 ft from the street, and is set into a steep hillside on the west side of Main Street. A major addition was added to it in 1931, and it was connected to the Thule building by a three-story connector in 1930, although this connection has since been walled off. The Thule Building is a five-story brick building constructed in 1905 to a design by local architect George Clemence. It was built for the Thule Hall Music Association to function as a social center for the city&#39;s growing Swedish American community, and consisted of retail space on the ground floor, and three stories of function halls; the fifth floor was taken up by an internal dome over the fourth floor hall. The association was, however, unable to pay its mortgage, and lost the property by foreclosure in 1914. The new owners converted the space to commercial use, and it was occupied by a succession of furniture companies. The same owners purchased the Plummer building, which was converted to commercial use c. 1916.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. The buildings were rehabilitated in 2009, exposing some of the surviving interior decorations. The Thule Building now houses the Worcester Law Library in its upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The Garvin Cavaness House  is a historic house at 404 South Main Street in Monticello, Arkansas. The house was built over a ten-year period, 1906–1916, by Garvin Cavaness, descendant of early settlers of Drew County. The -story building is built of concrete blocks that were custom-molded on site by Cavaness, reputedly using cement he recovered when hired to clean up spilled cement from derailed railroad cars.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house Cavaness built has significant Classical Revival styling. Its main facade is dominated by a two-story portico supported by six concrete Ionic columns and topped by a relatively unadorned pediment. Granite steps lead up to the central bay, where the entry is flanked by sidelights and topped by a fanlight, all composed of bevel-edged leaded glass. The two outer bays of the front facade are set slightly back, and there are stairs descending from the porch down to the grounds at the ends. The building is capped by a hip roof made of tin shingles, whose front elevation is pierced by three gable dormers, the central one slightly larger than those flanking it. Each dormer has a round window above a line of small square windows. The side elevations are three bays, styled similarly to the front, including the portico, which wraps around on both sides. The back of the house has an asymmetrical L shape, where one bay has a two-story extension. The porch on this side has been screened, and partially enclosed by later alteration.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s the house was divided into apartments, and some elements of its interior decoration were lost. The building was acquired by the Drew County Historical Society, which now uses the house and grounds as a museum facility. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 23, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Drew County Courthouse is located at 210 South Main Street in Monticello, Arkansas. The -story Classical Moderne building was designed by Arkansas architect H. Ray Burks and built in 1932. It is Drew County&#39;s fourth courthouse; the first two were wood-frame buildings dating to the 1850s, the third a brick structure built 1870–71. It is an L-shaped building, built of limestone blocks and topped by a flat tar roof. It consists of a central block, five bays wide, and symmetrical flanking wings a single bay in width. The central section has a portico of six Ionic columns, which rise the full three and one half stories, and are topped by a square pediment which reads "Drew County Courthouse" flanked by the date of construction.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Champ Grubbs House is a historic antebellum dog trot log cabin in rural Drew County, Arkansas. It is located on Ozment Bluff Road , west of Arkansas Highway 172 and southwest of the county seat of Monticello. The single story log structure is estimated to have been built in 1859, and is one of the few such surviving buildings in the county. It was originally built to a typical dogtrot plan, although separate shed roof rooms were added to its rear in the 19th century, though these were removed and replaced with a similar addition in the 1980s. The center of the dog trot has been enclosed, and is accessed via a door from the front. The eastern log bay also functions as an entry, while that on the west side has been converted to a window. In much of the interior the log finish has been covered by paneling.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. It is named for Elisha Champion Grubb, a longtime justice of the peace in the area, although it is probable his father Stephen built the house. It remains in Grubb family hands.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Lee Hardy House is a historic house at 207 South Main Street in Monticello, Arkansas. It was designed for Robert Lee Hardy, a prominent local lawyer, by Knoxville, Tennessee-based architect George Franklin Barber, and built c. 1908&ndash;1909, at a time when Monticello was a thriving commercial center. It is unusual for its construction material , and for its elaborate yet restrained Classical and Colonial Revival styling.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Reef House is a historic house located at 411 S. Poplar St. in Carbondale, Illinois. William A. Reef built the house for his family circa 1892. The Queen Anne-style cottage may have been designed by local carpenter A. M. Etherton, though records of its designer do not exist. The house features fishscale shingle siding on its second floor and clapboard siding on its first; the clapboard siding is adorned with stickwork. A gable on the south side of the house features half-timbering at its top. The house&#39;s front porch features turned posts, a typical Queen Anne feature. The house is one of the only Queen Anne homes in Carbondale which largely retains its original condition.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Valley Railroad Bridge or Gish Branch Bridge is a historic limestone arch bridge located over Gish Branch at Salem, Virginia. It was built in 1873 by the firm of Claiborne Rice  Mason, under the local guidance of Thomas Menifee, engineer and employee of Mason. Mason was head of a syndicate hoping to link major railways of the north and south at Salem, Virginia - specifically by linking the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, two of the major railways of the era.</p><br>
<p>Menifee and the other members of the Mason Syndicate began work on May 20, 1873. By late November 1874, the roadbed had been brought to grade from the Botetourt county line to the outskirts of Salem just south of Gish Branch, named for its crossing the homestead of farmer John Abraham Gish, one of the many German settlers in the region. All but the major stream crossings (Carvins, Peters, and Mason Creeks) were complete, awaiting additional funding. However, the September 1873 national financial panic and the resulting depression led the Mason Syndicate to abandon the Salem and Lexington connection. Today, the Gish Branch Bridge is an important part of the Roanoke Valley&#39;s railroad heritage. It is the largest of the three remaining arch structures built by Menifee, the other structures and much of the completed roadbed destroyed by the passage of time and the increasing residential development of the area.</p><br>
<p>The Valley Railroad Bridge is a single-span, barrel-vaulted stone structure. The bridge structure is a semi-circular vaulted tunnel through a man-made earthen embankment. The bridge is an architecturally significant remnant of an unrealized transportation scheme dating to the Reconstruction Era following the American Civil War. The Valley Railroad was never completed to Salem, therefore the bridge, constructed in 1873, never fulfilled its intended purpose.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The length of the vaulted structure is 69 feet, not counting the flared, stepped, wing walls at both ends. The span is of the arch is 12 feet, and the keystones at each end of the barrel are 15 feet above the creek. The blocks of limestone, thought to have been quarried nearby, are</p><br>
<p>squared, with roughly-dressed faces, and laid in distinct courses. The stones in the side walls are quite large, measuring up to 4 feet long, 26 inches tall, and perhaps 2 or more feet wide. The voussoirs— stones within the vaulted ceiling— are smaller and more narrow in dimensions, appearing outwardly as uniform, almost square wedges. Outside the vault, the spandrel walls rise up to the rail bed, where a top course of limestone blocks, projecting slightly beyond the spandrel&#39;s vertical plane, creates a parapet rising above the rail bed. The roughly-dressed faces of the stones are a form of rustication, intended to give the structure an ancient appearance.</p><br>
